Le preposizioni: a cosa servono?
La preposizione deriva dalla parola latina praepositio, traducibile con posizione davanti ed è una parte invariabile del discorso.
Le preposizioni hanno la funzione di collegare tra loro elementi della frase, per renderne i rapporti più chiari.
Da sole le preposizioni non hanno alcun significato, ma lo acquisiscono una volta che si legano ad un’altra parola, come nome, pronome, avverbio o verbo, con la funzione di mettere in relazione altre parole o frasi, dando un determinato valore a questo legame.
Un esempio di frase con le preposizioni è:
Marco ha preso la penna di Stefania che era sul libro per scrivere una lettera.

La preposizione è una parte invariabile del discorso. Le preposizioni hanno la funzione di collegare tra loro elementi della frase, per renderne i rapporti più chiari. Da sole le preposizioni non hanno alcun significato, ma lo acquisiscono una volta che si legano ad un’altra parola, come nome, pronome, avverbio o verbo, con la funzione di mettere in relazione altre parole o frasi, dando un determinato valore a questo legame.
Quali sono le preposizioni? L’elenco completo
Dal punto di vista della forma le preposizioni si dividono in:
- preposizioni proprie, che si suddividono in preposizioni semplici e articolate, parole usate solo come preposizioni, che da sole non hanno significato.
- preposizioni improprie, parole che acquistano la funzione di preposizione solo se precedono un nome o un pronome;
- locuzioni prepositive, espressioni formate da più parole con funzione di preposizione.
Tutte le preposizioni poi unite ad altre parole possono:
- introdurre complementi, come di per il complemento di specificazione e sul per il complemento di luogo;
- introdurre le preposizioni subordinate di forma implicita, quelle cioè con il verbo all’infinito.
Leggi anche: Gli articoli: quali sono e come si usano nelle frasi
L’analisi grammaticale della preposizione
Nel fare l’analisi grammaticale della preposizione occorre specificare:
- la forma: propria, impropria, locuzione impropria;
- la struttura: nel caso delle preposizioni proprie, bisogna specificare se semplice o articolata.
Un esempio di analisi grammaticale di una frase con le preposizioni è:
Il libro di storia del professore è sotto il vocabolario.
di: prep. semplice / del: prep.art (di+il) / sotto: prep. impropria.
Leggi anche:Figure retoriche di suono, di ordine e di significato: cosa sono e come si classificano
Come abbinare al nome la giusta preposizione
Spesso quando si usano le preposizioni non si è certi del modo corretto di unire a esse il nome che segue. In questi casi è utile consultare il vocabolario.
Ti può essere d’aiuto prendere esempio dalle espressioni riportate di seguito che riportano le forme più usate e accettabili.

Con i nomi: sopra il divano, davanti alla vetrina ,dentro la busta, contro la legge, oltre la collina, senza la giacca. Nelle espressioni fatte: soprattutto, davanti a casa, dopo pranzo, oltre il confine, senza scuse, fuori casa, fuori di qui, contro corrente. Con i pronomi personali: sopra di me, davanti a noi, fuori di sé, contro di noi, oltre a noi.
Bisogna in ogni caso prestare attenzione a usare la preposizione adatta per esprimere il concetto che vogliamo comunicare.
Spesso infatti due preposizioni che si possono confondere attribuiscono significati diversi alla stessa frase, come negli esempi che riportiamo di seguito.

La pianta di casa. (Il disegno di un’abitazione) Una pianta da casa. (Adatta per essere coltivata in casa) . Una forma di pane. (Uno sfilatino o altro) Una forma da pane. (Un recipiente adatto a cuocere il pane). Un bicchiere di liquore. (Un po’ in un bicchiere) Un bicchiere da liquore. (Un bicchiere adatto a contenere del liquore). Gioco di ragazzi. (Gioco eseguito da alcuni ragazzi) Gioco da ragazzi. (Gioco che va bene per i ragazzi)
Leggi anche: Figure retoriche di suono, di ordine e di significato: cosa sono e come si classificano
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