Che cosa indica il verbo al gerundio?
Il modo gerundio esprime in forma generica o indeterminata uno stato, un’azione, ponendoli in rapporto di causa, tempo, modo o mezzo con il verbo della proposizione reggente. Infinito, participio e gerundio fanno parte dei modi indefiniti.
È sempre usato nelle proposizioni dipendenti, perché da solo non ha alcun significato.
Frasi con il gerundio sono: Essendosi spenta la luce, non vedevamo niente = Poiché si era spenta la luce (rapporto di causa); Sbagliando, si impara = Con lo sbagliare (rapporto di mezzo).
Il modo gerundio ha due tempi, senza indicazione di persona o numero, il gerundio presente e passato.
- presente con suffisso in -ndo ad esempio amando
- passato o gerundio composto formato dall’ usiliare essere o avere e il verbo col suffisso in -to ad esempio avendo amato.
Il gerundio presente o semplice: regole ed esempi
Il gerundio presente esprime un’azione o un fatto che si svolgono in contemporaneità con l’azione della proposizione reggente: Facendo la spesa, prese tanti prodotti biologici.
Preceduto da una forma dei verbi andare o stare, il gerundio presente indica un’azione nel suo svolgimento e quindi continuativa nel tempo.
Verbi al gerundio presente sono contenuti nelle frasi: Quegli alberi marci stanno cadendo a poco a poco; Molti animali vanno scomparendo in tutto il mondo.

Il gerundio presente esprime un’azione o un fatto che si svolgono in contemporaneità con l’azione della proposizione reggente: Facendo la spesa, prese tanti prodotti biologici. Preceduto da una forma dei verbi andare o stare, il gerundio presente indica un’azione nel suo svolgimento e quindi continuativa nel tempo.
Leggi anche: L’infinito: quali sono i verbi all’infinito e come si formano?
Quando si usa il gerundio passato o composto?
Il gerundio passato è formato dal gerundio presente di un verbo ausiliare e dal participio passato del verbo che indica l’azione. Esprime un’azione o un fatto svolti prima dell’azione indicata dalla proposizione reggente, ad esempio: Avendo mangiato a sazietà mi riposai.
Il gerundio composto oltre al valore temporale ha anche valore
- causale: Avendo studiato Matteo si è offerto all’interrogazione → Poiché ha studiato Matteo si è offerto all’interrogazione.
- ipotetico: Avendo fatto pratica mi sentirei più sicura → Se avessi fatto pratica mi sentirei più sicura.
- concessivo: Pur essendo stato coraggioso, il ragazzo non superò la prova → Sebbene sia stato coraggioso il ragazzo non superò la prova.
Leggi anche: Come riconoscere un participio e come si forma?
Attenzione ai falsi gerundi
Non tutte le parole che prima della desinenza finale hanno il suffisso -nd sono al gerundio in italiano. Ad esempio non lo sono alcune parole derivanti da forme verbali latine come:
- reverendo → che deve essere reverito. È sostantivo o aggettivo
- venerando → che deve essere venerato. È aggettivo.
- laureando → che sta per laurearsi. È aggettivo o sostantivo.
- agenda → cose che si devono fare. È un sostantivo.
- merenda → cosa che si deve meritare. È un sostantivo.
- tagliando → che si deve tagliare. È sostantivo
- faccenda → cosa che si deve fare. È sostantivo.

Non tutte le parole che prima della desinenza finale hanno il suffisso -nd sono al gerundio in italiano. Ad esempio non lo sono alcune parole derivanti da forme verbali latine come: reverendo → che deve essere reverito. È sostantivo o aggettivo venerando → che deve essere venerato. È aggettivo
Leggi anche: Il modo indicativo: tempi verbali e frasi d’esempio
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